What Is an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)?
An Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) is a legal document that shows how energy efficient a property is. Whether you’re selling, renting, or building a home in the UK, you must have a valid EPC. It gives a clear rating from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient) and includes practical recommendations for improving the building’s energy efficiency.
Why Is an EPC Important?
- Understand energy usage and costs
- Identify areas for efficiency improvements
- Comply with UK property laws and regulations
- Improve property value and appeal to buyers or renters
Who Needs an EPC?
You must have a valid EPC when:
- Selling or renting a residential or commercial property
- Building a new property
- Applying for certain government grants or green mortgage products
Properties marketed without a valid EPC may face fines or legal delays.
What Does an EPC Include?
- An energy efficiency rating from A to G
- Current and potential scores out of 100
- Estimated energy costs for heating, lighting, and hot water
- Recommendations for cost-effective improvements
- Details of construction, heating systems, insulation, and glazing
How Is an EPC Rating Calculated?
A qualified Domestic Energy Assessor (DEA) visits the property and assesses key features:
- Property age and type
- Loft, wall, and floor insulation
- Heating system and controls
- Hot water system and boiler type
- Glazing: single, double, or triple
- Type of lighting (LED, CFL, incandescent)
- Renewable tech: solar panels, heat pumps, etc.
This data is entered into government-approved software (RdSAP) to generate the EPC rating and recommendations.
EPC Rating Bands Explained
| Rating | Score Range | Efficiency |
|---|---|---|
| A | 92–100 | Very efficient |
| B | 81–91 | Efficient |
| C | 69–80 | Average |
| D | 55–68 | Below average |
| E | 39–54 | Poor |
| F | 21–38 | Very poor |
| G | 1–20 | Extremely inefficient |
How Long Is an EPC Valid?
An EPC is valid for 10 years from the date of issue. You can retrieve your certificate and check its expiry date via the official UK EPC Register.
Benefits of a Good EPC Rating
- Lower energy bills
- Increased property value
- Legal compliance for rentals and sales
- Eligibility for green mortgages and incentives
- Reduced environmental impact
How to Get an EPC
Follow these steps to obtain an EPC:
- Book a visit with a qualified Domestic Energy Assessor
- Allow access to all rooms, meters, boiler, and loft
- Receive your official EPC within 24–72 hours